Radiation, radioactivity & sound
Radiation is everywhere: everyone comes across the subject sooner or later, whether as a citizen, consumer, patient or at work. In many cases we profit from radiation, one only has to think about diagnostic x-rays in medicine. But we occasionally need to be careful – where radon or UV radiation are concerned, for example.
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Information for companies, employees and competent persons
Here you will find information on the requirements for handling ionizing and non-ionizing radiation and sound.
We make a basic distinction between ionising and non-ionising radiation. This radiation spectrum (in German) illustrates the various types of radiation. Inform yourself here about the possible risks, protective measures and licensing requirements for handling ionising radiation.
Ionising radiation and radioactivity
Ionising radiation covers x-rays and gamma rays, as well as alpha, beta and neutron radiation. The most important property of ionising radiation is that it possesses enough energy to ionise atoms and molecules.
Radioactive substances emit ionising radiation. Natural radioactive substances occur, for example, in living organisms – including in humans or in soils and rocks of the earth's crust. Ionising radiation and radioactive substances are used and artificially generated in medicine, research, technology and the use of nuclear power.
Radioactivity in the environment
The Environmental Radioactivity Section (URA) continuously monitors the natural and artificial radioactivity in the atmosphere and environment, especially in the vicinity of nuclear power plants, industrial plants, research institutes and hospitals that use radioactive substances.
Radon
Radon is a naturally occurring, radioactive noble gas, which can seep into buildings through the ground. Switzerland is particularly affected by this problem due to its geology. The current radon protection strategy is set out in the 2021-2030 action plan.
Non-ionising radiation and sound
Non-ionising radiation (NIR) covers ultraviolet (UV) radiation, visible light, infrared radiation and electromagnetic fields (EMF). Ultraviolet radiation, visible light and infrared radiation form the higher-energy range of NIR and are summarised under the term "optical radiation".
Typical sources of optical radiation include the sun, lamps, laser light and solaria. The electromagnetic fields that are not included under optical radiation form the lower energy range of NIR and are mainly generated by technical means, for example by induction hobs or mobile phones.
Electromagnetic Fields (EMF), UV, Laser and Light
The FOPH monitors the exposure of the public to non-ionising radiation and keeps track of the research on possible biological and health effects.
Regulations and legislation
Radiological protection legislation
The purpose of the Radiological protection Act (RPA) is to protect people and the environment against dangers from ionizing radiation. The Act applies to all activities, installations, events and situations that may involve an ionizing radiation hazard.