Laser and IPL: how to protect yourself during cosmetic treatments

Before choosing to undergo a cosmetic treatment with laser or intense pulsed light (IPL), it is important to be aware of the risks and indications to follow. The answers to the most relevant questions about the safe use of lasers and IPL for cosmetic treatments can be found below.

In order to raise awareness and provide the public with better information about laser and IPL cosmetic treatments, the FOPH has produced posters and flyers for professionals in the sector.

These can be ordered free of charge from the online store for federal publications: Posters and brochures on laser and IPL treatments.

What treatments use lasers and IPL in the field of cosmetics?

Laser and intense pulsed light (IPL) are two technologies widely used in non-invasive cosmetic procedures. Both methods involve the use of light. In technical terms, this process is called "selective photothermolysis". The light is absorbed by certain substances in the skin, such as melanin (pigment) or hemoglobin (the main component of red blood cells). This generates heat that acts specifically on these areas, while limiting damage to the surrounding tissue.

Lasers and IPL are mainly used for the following cosmetic treatments:

Permanent body hair removal
Treatment of pigmented lesions
Scar reduction
Skin rejuvenation
Vascular treatment
Permanent makeup and tattoo removal

What are the risks associated with laser and IPL treatments?

Although considered safe techniques when performed by qualified professionals, laser and IPL still carry potential side effects (both temporary and permanent).

Frequent but generally temporary side effects include:

Redness
Sensation of heat or tingling
Swelling/edema
Discomfort
Transient hypopigmentation (decrease in pigmentation) or hyperpigmentation (increase in pigmentation)
Scabs

Note: Redness, a feeling of warmth, and swelling are common side effects even when treatments are performed correctly. If the side effects mentioned above worsen, consult a doctor.

Major and sometimes permanent side effects:

Burns
Eye injuries
Permanent hypopigmentation or hyperpigmentation
Scars
Paradoxical hair growth (increased body hair)

If you experience any of the side effects listed above, consult a doctor immediately.

When is it preferable not to undergo laser or IPL treatment?

Before undergoing any cosmetic treatment involving lasers or IPL, it is essential to establish whether there are any contraindications that would preclude the treatment. This will help to avoid complications.

In the presence of the following contraindications, laser or IPL treatment should be avoided:

Pregnancy and breastfeeding
Dark to very dark skin pigmentation (Fitzpatrick skin types 4 to 6)
Recent sun exposure, sunburn, or very tanned skin
Active skin lesions, recent scars
Photosensitive diseases (e.g., lupus, vitiligo, and photodermatosis)
Suspicious moles: Get them checked by a doctor
History of skin cancer
Taking photosensitizing medications (e.g., certain antibiotics, oral retinoids, and acne treatments)
Tendency to bleed or taking anticoagulant medications
Tendency to have seizures

What should you pay attention to before and after laser or IPL treatment?

To minimize the risk of side effects, follow these precautions before and after treatment.

Before the session

Please avoid exposure to the sun (avoid tanning).
Please avoid irritating and photosensitizing products (e.g., AHA, BHA, retinol, retinoids) one week prior.
Please do not use perfumes, makeup, or oily creams on the day of the procedure.
Please check whether the person performing the treatment has the required certificate of competence for the treatment: : ePortal NISSG: Finding people with a certificate of competence

After the session:

Please avoid sun exposure and apply sunscreen with SPF 50+.
Please apply soothing and moisturizing cream regularly.
Please do not expose the treated area to heat for 48 hours (e.g., sauna or steam bath)
Please do not use scrubs or irritating treatments. Depending on the treatment performed and the laser used, the healing period varies from one to five weeks. The more aggressive the laser and treatment, the longer the healing period should be.
Observe your skin and potential side effects.

What should I pay attention to during laser or IPL treatment?

Have you filled out a medical history questionnaire to check for contraindications?

Be honest with the professional about your health, any medications you are taking, exposure to the sun/solarium, and any other factors that may affect the treatment.

Have you received all the information you need to give your informed consent?

The professional must inform you about the treatment process, the expected results, possible temporary and permanent side effects, and all other relevant aspects. Make sure you understand everything before giving your consent to the treatment.

Important: Ensure you receive adequate eye protection!

During treatment, you must always wear eye protection that completely covers your eyes and is suitable for laser/IPL radiation. Closing your eyes is not sufficient.

Note: When using an IPL device for hair removal at home, it is also important to wear protective eyewear. Unfortunately, this is not always supplied with the IPL device.

Have your moles been covered and outlined with a white pencil?

If they are present in the area to be treated, they must be covered and avoided as much as possible

Please inform the professional immediately if you experience any discomfort during treatment.

Be aware of treatments, procedures, and techniques that are subject to medical prescription and prohibited.

Certain treatments, procedures, and techniques may only be performed by physicians or medical staff under the supervision of a physician.

The complete list of these interventions is available on our website: Treatments, procedures and techniques subject to medical supervision and prohibited treatments.